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Aldi Prasetyo
BalasHapus10115466
2ka01
No 1.
Characteristics of computer first generation are :
1) First generation computers were based on vacuum tubes.
2) The operating systems of the first generation computers were very slow.
3) They were very large in size.
4) Production of the heat was in large amount in first generation computers.
5) Machine language was used for programming.
6) First generation computers were unreliable.
7) They were difficult to program and use.
Characteristics of computer second generation are :
1) Transistors were used in place of vacuum tubes.
2) Second generation computers were smaller in comparison with the first generation computers.
3) They were faster in comparison with the first generation computers.
4) They generated less heat and were less prone to failure.
5) They took comparatively less computational time.
6) Assembly language was used for programming.
7) Second generation computers has faster input/output devices.
No. 2
Ram
Random Access Memory is also known as the computer’s system memory. It needs power to be read; hence, when a computer turns off, the memory is lost.
Hard Disk Drive
Hard disk drive is the main storage device of a computer. It uses uses disks that are made of aluminum or glass to store information. Hard drives are measured in gigabytes. Sometimes a special cache is used for quick retrieval of often-used information (such as web pages).
Microprocessor
Microprocessor functions as the central processing unit of the computer which provides computation control. Its speed is measured in megahertz. It holds info about the operating system of the computer.
CD-ROM
Compact Disk Read-Only Memory is collectively known as CD ROM. With the help of laser optics technology, CD ROM reads information from a CD. However, it is not capable of writing informatioin on the CD.
Floppy Disk Drive
Floppy disk drive helps store and read data on a removable floppy disk.
Video Card
Video Card is an expansion card that is connected to the motherboard. It serves as the visual link between the user and its computer, allowing the user to view and manage the computer’s software data.
LAN Card
A LAN Card or Network Interface Card is also an expansion card. Also known as the modem, it helps the computer to connect to another computer on a Network.
Motherboard
The Motherboard is the computer’s circuit board where all the ‘inside parts’ are connected. It contains the microprocessor; important computing components; different types of memory chips; mouse, keyboard, and monitor control circuitry; and logic chips that control various parts of the computer’s function.
No. 3
1. Back Panel Connectors & Ports
Connectors and ports for connecting the computer to external devices such as display ports, audio ports, USB ports, Ethernet ports, PS/2 ports etc.
2. PCI Slots
PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect
Slot for older expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards, connector cards.
3. PCI Express x1 Slots
Slot for modern expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth), connector cards (USB, FireWire, eSATA) and certain low-end graphics cards.
4. PCI Express x16 Slot
Slot for discrete graphic cards and high bandwidth devices such as top-end solid state drives.
5. Northbridge
Also known as Memory Controller Hub (MCH).
Chipset that allows the CPU to communicate with the RAM and graphics card.
6. CPU Socket
Insert CPU here.
7. ATX 12V Power Connector
Connects to the 4-pin power cable of a power supply unit which supplies power to the CPU.
8. Front Panel USB 2.0 Connectors
Connects to USB 2.0 ports at the front or top of a computer case.
9. Front Panel Connectors
Connects to the power switch, reset switch, power LED, hard drive LED and front audio ports of a computer case.
10. IDE Connector
Connects to older hard drive disks and optical drives for data transfer.
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BalasHapus13115770
2KA01
1.First generation computer were based on vacum tubes, the operating system is very slow, using machine language for programming.
Second generation computer were used transistors, using assembly language for programming, more smaller than first generation.
2.Part of cpu
RAM : used for saving temporal data.
Hardisk : the main memory of computer.
Proccessor : used for central processing of computer
Motherboard : the computer’s circuit board where all the ‘inside parts’ are connected.
LAN card : used for help connection to network.
5.Different RAM and ROM
ROM chip will keep the information stored on it. In contrast, a RAM chip is volatile and requires a constant source of power to retain information. When power is lost or turned off, a RAM chip will lose the information stored on it.
Writing data to a ROM chip is a slow process, whereas writing data to a RAM chip is a faster process.
A RAM chip can store multiple gigabytes (GB) of data, up to 16 GB or more per chip. A ROM chip typically stores only several megabytes (MB) of data, up to 4 MB or more per chip.
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BalasHapusNPM : 14115959
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5. What the difference of RAM with ROM and Give examples of Proccess?
Answer :
A. A ROM chip is used primarily in the start up process of a computer, whereas a RAM chip is used in the normal operations of a computer after starting up and loading the operating system.
B. Writing data to a ROM chip is a slow process, whereas writing data to a RAM chip is a faster process.
C. A RAM chip can store multiple gigabytes (GB) of data, up to 16 GB or more per chip. A ROM chip typically stores only several megabytes (MB) of data, up to 4 MB or more per chip.
Examples:
ROM : A good example of ROM in the computer is the computer BIOS, a PROM chip that stores the programming needed to begin the initial computer start up process.
RAM : RAM chips are also used in computers, as well as other devices, to store information and run programs on the computer because RAM is one of the fastest types of memory in your computer.
2. What a parts contained in CPU and Explain their function?
Answer:
A. RAM(Random Acces Memmory)
also known as the computer’s system memory. It needs power to be read; hence, when a computer turns off, the memory is lost.
B. HardDisk Srive
the main storage device of a computer. It uses uses disks that are made of aluminum or glass to store information.
C. Microprocessor
the central processing unit of the computer which provides computation control.
D. CD ROM
CD ROM reads information from a CD. However, it is not capable of writing informatioin on the CD.
E. Floppy Drive
store and read data on a removable floppy disk.
F. Video Card
an expansion card that is connected to the motherboard
G. LAN Card
Network Interface Card is also an expansion card. Also known as the modem, it helps the computer to connect to another computer on a Network.
H. Motherboard
the computer’s circuit board where all the ‘inside parts’ are connected. It contains the microprocessor; important computing components; different types of memory chips; mouse, keyboard, and monitor control circuitry; and logic chips that control various parts of the computer’s function.
3. Mentioned 10 parts contained in Motherboard and explain their function?
Answer :
A. Also known as microprocessor or processor, the CPU is the computer's brain
B. Random Access Memmory, or RAM, ususaly refers to computer chips that temporarily store dynamic data to enhance computer performance while you are working
C. BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System, BIOS is "read-only" memory.
D. Motherboards also include a small separate block of memory made from CMOS RAM chips which is kept alive by batteryeven the PC is off.
E. Cache Memory is a small block of high-speed memory that enhance PC performance by pre-loading information from themainmemory nad passing it to the processor on demanf.
F. PCI is the most common eexpansion bus in a PC and other hardware platforms.
G. A chipset is a group is a small circuits that coordinate the flow of data and from PC's key components.
H. The NorthBridge is in charge of controlling transfer between the processor and the RAM.
I. The SouthBridge handles communications between slower peripheral devices.
J. DIP switches are small electronic switches found on the circuit board that can be turned on o off just like a normal switch.
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BalasHapus16115949
2KA15
No5. RAM, RAM is a temporary data storage media in a computer that can only work if the computer been electricity or light up, the RAM on a computer is also made with a kind of Integrated Sircuit or IC and are typically installed separately from mainboardnya. The ROM is a data storage medium that is permanent. One type of ROM is ROM bios.
No2. (1) Casing Serves as where we put or attach the motherboard, power supply, optical disc drive, hard disk, and other various components in it from dust, heat, water, or other impurities (2) The motherboard is the circuit board where a variety of electronic components or other computer components are connected such as processor, video card, sound card, hard disk, and so forth. The motherboard serves to connect each of the components of the computer to be able to communicate with each other. (3) Processor outline besarnyamerupakan a small chip-shaped tool that is useful to the process of thinking and the logic of starting a computer command. The higher the speed of the processor, the faster the computer in processing various kinds of data. Even then, must be supported by a large RAM and hard drive.
No3. 1. Chipset Components of a motherboard that has a very important role is the chipset. This one smart device that essentially serves as a bridge that connects the data flow processor with a variety of external components and buses. Usually this type of chipset which is the benchmark for determining and assessing the features and capabilities of a motherboard. 2.Northbridge / MCH Northbridge is the name used by AMD, VIA and some other hardware, printing companies, while manufacturers Intel prefers to call it by the name which stands MCH Memory Controller Hub. One development of PCI Express slot PCI is used as an expansion slot (slot additional or external) on a computer. PCI Express itself is divided into two tailored according to their respective functions, such as: PCI Express x16 slot Is a special slot that can be used or installed VGA card terbaru.Slot generation PCI Express x1 Sdalah slot to install peripherals (card) other than the VGA card. 3. Slot AGP (AGP Slot) The next component is the AGP slot motherboard, a place to install AGP which by definition could be interpreted as Accelerted Graphics Port. This device born of developments in the PCI slot, which is the function of the AGP expansion slot that used to mengggantikan PCI slot that is not sufficient anymore to handle data traffic between CPU and video card (video card). 4.Konektor IDE Part of the motherboard that has a function to connect the motherboard to storage media such as hard disk or floppy disk. IDE connectors are usually composed of two parts: 5.Primary IDE Serves to connect the motherboard to the primary master drive and master.Secondary secondary IDE devices Serves to connect the devices to the slave CDROM and hard drive as slave. 6. Memory Slot (Memory Slot) The next component is the motherboard memory slots usually have a rather long and slender shape. Its function is of course as has been installed Random Access Memory (RAM). Type of memory slots themselves also vary, depending on the system it uses, ranging from SDRAM, RAMBUS, DDR SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3, or SDRAM. There is now not a stranger anymore if a motherboard has more daru one slot of memory (RAM), even on high-end computer specifications there motherboards that include up to six RAM slots. 7. CPU Fan and Heat Sink (HSF) Components attached to the motherboard next Heat Sink Fan (HSF), is an object consisting of aluminum which is equipped with a fan / fan to cool the chip or processor which generates heat when working. At the processor and graphics card chip, generally equipped with a fan, while others do not come with a fan because the temperature produced can be removed with the heatsink only.
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2) Computer Server: A server is an application or device that performs service for connected clients as part of client server architecture.
It can also be a computer system that has been designated for running a specific server application.
Computer Workstation: A workstation is a personal computer that is used for high end applications,
such as graphic design, video editing, CAD, 3-D design, or other CPU and RAM intensive programs.
Differences in functions
Servers keep files such as html, images, video and applications available online for the client computer to access.
They also allow many computers to share applications or an internet connection.
The function of a workstation is to complete high end applications like graphic design, video editing etc.
3) Charles Cabbage
5) 3rd Computer:
- Greater computer memory capacity.
- Improved software capabilities.
4th Computer:
- Use of Large Scale Integration (LSI) / Bipolar Large Scale Integration, namely compaction Thousands of ICs into a single chip.
- Developed using a microcomputer with microprocessor and semiconductor chip in the form of computer memory.
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